DNS(DOMAIN NAME SERVER)
This is an application layer Protocol.
Before learning about the DNS let's know what the Domain name is, the Domain name means it is kind of Logical.
Name of the website:
This was implemented because a normal human cannot remember all of the website's IP Addresses.
The second thing was that the numbers of websites were about to increase in the future.
Then how a normal user would remember all of the Website's IP Addresses?
Then the Idea Of the domain name was implemented
For example, if there is a person named Jack, so you can't reach that Jack because in the entire city there are many of the person’s named Jack but what if you would know the phone number or address of the Jack you want to reach, it would really help to find a right person.
The same thing happened here with the domains, there could be many websites in the future with the same name, but the right domain name could help you reach the right website.
This is the main purpose that the domain name was found.
How DNS does work
How to Find a Domain:
There are 3 ways to find a domain:
1. Generic Domain
2. Country Domain
3. Inverse Domain
1. Generic Domain: This kind of domain is the ones that only official websites use or those used by many of the country's governments.
--> for example, .com, .org, .edu, .net, .mil .
2. country domain: The meaning of this kind of domain is hidden within its name.
--> Country domain means the domains that are having their name related to their country.
For example, .in is for India, .ch is for China, .pk is for Pakistan, .uk is for United Kingdom, .us is for United States.
--> These are the kind of domains that can be also used in websites.
3. Inverse Domain: These are kinds of domains that are found using their IP Address.
--> But this is the trick that won't be used more by the users because as we discussed, a normal human can't remember the
big number like an IP.
--> But the browsers also support this feature as well, you can write the IP of A Website and it will bring you to the official page of a website.
-->Iif you can remember the IP Address of any Website or you already know then you can try this feature of your favorite browser out.
DNS namespace system:
There are 2 types of namespace system:
1. Flat
2. Hierarchal
--> the meanings of both of those namespace systems are hidden within its name:
1, Flat:
--> this one will show you the field and the name of the Domain too.
--> for example, IT, Deepak.
2. Hierarchal:
--> this one works as a little official because this one asks for the field first and then you can enter the name.
--> for example, first it will ask for a field, if you add the field like Business and then you need to enter the name.
Name server in DNS
Let's understand the hierarchy of the Name Servers:
there are 3 types of name servers:
1. Root name server
2. Top level name server
3. Authoritative name server
1. Root name Server: this is the type of name server that doesn't know much about all the domain names, and it cannot resolve the Domain name, it does this task by doing the contact with the top-level server and resolves the domain name.
2. Top level Server: This is the type of name server that knows some of the domains because it is Responsible for .com, .org and .edu, etc it is also responsible for country domains like .in, .us, etc.
--> This is the kind of name server that knows the Authoritative name servers and it also knows about the IP Addresses, it knows all about the Authoritative name server and knows about all the IPs of those Websites for second-level domains.
3. Authoritative name server: It is always maintained by the organizations or service providers to reach your favorite domain. user has to ask the about the domain to reach and the procedure will start according to following
Steps:
--> First of all the browser will ask the root level server, which will make the user reach its favorite website, if not possible then it will ask the Top-level server and it will make the user reach its favorite website.
--> Because it knows about the Authoritative name server it will best try to make the user reach the website if not possible then it asks the Authoritative name server and it is the most important name server as we all know
and it does the procedure of looking for the needing Website and it looks for valid IP too.
--> This becomes the final Step for all the name servers and finally, the user can surf the web.
Always remember that all the 3 name servers give their best to make the user arrive at the real website.
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